Gfyuki

Most of the time on what I hear from some Christian friends that the "Father" calling to The LORD is founded by Jesus.

Because I find it odd (if Jesus is the first person who start calling The LORD as "Father"), so I looked into the Old Testament and found that there are several verses which call "Father" to The LORD.

I would like to know whether this calling (for example maybe in a prayer) still commonly used during Jesus time (or at least a few years before Jesus was born).

To be honest, I want to make a conclusion that if it's already common during Jesus time - then I think Jesus is just following the tradition to call The LORD as "Father". Not as the Trinitarian think that Jesus is praying to the First Person of The Trinitarian Godhead, not to himself (as the Trinitarian say that Jesus is the 2nd Person), not to the Holy Spirit (as the Trinitarian say that The Holy Spirit is the 3rd Person).

Thank you.

The expression "Our father in heaven" (אבינו שבשמים) is a relatively common name for God in rabbinic literature (as far as I am aware, this formulation does not appear in the Bible). For example, see Mishnah Sotah 9:5. Typically in rabbinic literature, the description of God as a father uses this particular formulation exactly and certainly seems more metaphorical than literal.

Other examples can be found in an interesting scholarly article here discussing essentially the question you have asked here. The article's conclusion is that the references attributed to Jesus describing God as a "father" are essentially similar to contemporary rabbinic usage, although perhaps slightly different in that the "father" role is portrayed more actively in Jesus's usage. Nonetheless, as your question hints, modern Jewish and Christian theology treat the concept of God's "fatherhood" extremely differently. As the article states:

While a common theological ground is recognized, the Christian understanding of divine fatherhood in relation to Jesus, rather than as a universal metaphor, is deeply at odds with the Jewish understanding, expressed in the Hebrew Bible and in rabbinic literature.